Land and Land Reforms West Bengal

Posted on August 22, 2023 by supriya

The West Bengal government enacted the Land Reforms Act in 1995 to reform the state’s land tenure system. The Act responds to peasant demands for land reform and absentee landlordism.

Many provisions in the Act aim to redistribute land more equitably and improve the lives of peasants. These provisions include:

Landholding limit: The Act limits the amount of land a person can own. Any excess land owned by a person is subject to seizure and redistribution to landless peasants by the government.
Tenant eviction: The Act makes evicting tenants more difficult for landlords. Tenants who have had land for a certain period are now entitled to security of tenure.
Rent fixation: The Act establishes the maximum rent a landlord may charge a tenant. It has eased the burden on tenants and made land ownership more affordable.
Land to the tiller: The Act gives preference to the tiller of the arrival in the distribution of surplus land. It has helped ensure that land goes back to those who work it.

The West Bengal land reform law is affecting the lives of West Bengal’s peasantry. It has aided in more equitable land distribution, tenant security of tenure, and rent reduction. The Act has also contributed to increased land productivity and a rise in the peasantry’s standard of living.

However, the Act’s implementation has drawn criticism. Some critics argue that DDA had poor execution and that West Bengal still has significant land inequality. Others claim that the Act has caused the Zamindari system, which provided employment and social services to the peasantry, to decline.

Despite these criticisms, the West Bengal Land Reforms Act is one of India’s most progressive land reform laws. It has improved the lives of millions of West Bengal peasants and contributed to the state’s economic development.

Before India’s independence, the British Rulers did their best to consolidate and stabilize the revenue collection system through the permanent settlement enacted under Regulation 1/1773. The British Rulers established a department with the name and style of ‘Board of Revenue to maximize revenue collection from the land for colonial interest. The rules so framed were the cause of tears of the actual soil tillers under this statue. Exploitation continued with vigor until India.

The leaders of independent India recognize the strain on actual cultivators and act rationally by shifting the concept of revenue administration to welfare administration. In West Bengal, the palmers were concerned with relieving farmers from the extreme exploitation of Zaniders and ensuring food security for farmers by providing an ample supply of agricultural items to meet the demands of free India’s newly established agri-based industries.

However, until 1989, when the Land Department became one, the Board of Revenue was divided into two wings: Department of Land Management, which collects revenues from minor minerals primarily with the management of vested land made under the preview of the WBEA Act, 1953, and Department of Settlement, which frames records of rights in favor of the raiyats after the act became law in 1953.

The Board of Revenue’s two apartments combined in 1989 under the Land and Land Reforms Department, West Bengal.

Capital Gain Tax on Land Sale

Posted on August 22, 2023 by supriya

What is Capital Gain?

A capital gain is simply the profit or loss from the sale of a capital asset. You will have long-term capital and short-term capital gain if you sell a Short term capital asset. If the sale results in a loss, you will incur a capital loss. The Capital Gain will be taxable in the year when the capital assets become available.

Capital Gains Tax on the Sale of Real Estate

Capital gains can be of two types, depending on how long the capital asset remains in use.

Long-Term Capital Gain (LTGG) or Long-Term Capital Loss (LTCL): If a taxpayer sells an immovable property or land held for more than 24 months, the gain or loss on such sales is a Long Term Capital Gain (LTCG) or Long Term Capital Loss (LTCL).
Short-Term Capital Gain (STCG): A Short-Term Capital GAIN (STCG) or Short-Term Capital Loss (STCL) is a gain or loss on the sale of immovable property or land held for up to 24 months by the taxpayer.

According to the Income Tax Act, movable property or land is a capital asset. When a taxpayer sells an immovable property or land, the income or loss is reported as Capital Gains in the Income Tax Return and taxed at the applicable rate. The nature of the capital gain determines the capital gain tax on the sale of property or land, whether long-term or short-term. While the STCG on the sale of immovable property is taxable at slab rates, the LTCG is taxable at 20% with indexation benefit under Section 112 of the Income Tax Act.

Income Tax on the Sale of Land Sale

The tax treatment of immovable property, such as land, buildings, or houses, is similar to that of other capital assets.

Calculation of Long-Term Gain Tax on Property Sales in India

LTCG on the sale of immovable property in India is taxable at 20% with an indexation benefit, according to Section 112 of the Income Tax Act. To take advantage of the indexation benefit, the taxpayer can compute the long-term capital gain by calculating the indexed cost of the acquisition using the Cost Inflation Index (CII). The taxpayer’s cost of improvement is the expense incurred for adding or improving the capital asset. Using CII, the taxpayer can also calculate the Indexed Cost of Improvement.

Particulars	Amount
	Sales Consideration
Less	Transfer Expenses
Less	Indexed Cost of Acquisition
Less	Indexed Cost of Improvement
Less	Exemption u/s 54 to 54 GB
	Long-Term Capital Gain

Sale Consideration = In the case of immovable property, the sale consideration should be the offer value of the capital asset or the value adopted by the stamp duty valuation authority to Section 50C of the Income Tax Act.
Transfer expenses are expenses incurred solely to sell a capital asset.
Cost of Acquisition = (CII of the year of Sale/ CII of the year of Purchase) = Indexed Cost of Acquisition
Cost of Improvement = (CII of the year of Sale/ CII of the year of Improvement) = Indexed Cost of Improvement
Capital Gain Exemption = Taxpayers who meet the specified conditions can claim a capital exemption under Sections 54 to 54GB.

Calculation of Short-Term Capital Gain tax on the sale of Property in India

The short-term capital gain on the sale of real estate is taxable at the slab rates. There is no indexation benefit in the case of a Short capital gain.

Capital gain exemptions, also through Sections 54 to 54 GB, aren’t enough. As a result, the Capital Gain calculation of the acquisition, improvement, and transfer costs

AP Land Registration Documents Online

Posted on August 22, 2023 by supriya

As the world moves online, the government of Andhra Pradesh has digitized AP land records, which can be accessed via the Meebhoomi website, to make searching for them simple and more comfortable. Property owners can look at the land records for land ownership, Bhulekh documents, and other relevant information. Property owners can also obtain the passbook, a form of ownership certificate, with a single click from Meebhoomi. The AP government has used multiple online portals, such as Meebhoomi, to make buying and selling land and other property as simple as possible. Let us look at how easy it has become to deposit access land records:

The Meebhoomi portal is an online database of AP land records. Andhra Pradesh residents can use this internet platform to access all land-related documents. In June 2015, the Andhra Pradesh government launched Meebhoomi, a digital land records repository, to make plot data such as AP survey and land records, AP land registration document numbers, and AP revenue department land records available online and accessible to the public. On the Meebhoomi portal, citizens can now find the following information:

Information about the landowner
Evaluation, area
Providing your Meebhoomi account’s electronic passbook
Water source, soil type
The Characteristics of Land Ownership
Liabilities
Tenancy
Cropping information
Land ownership and the Aadhar card

Landowners can also use the portal to download land information and records of rights (ROR). Meebhoomi Adangal 1-B is the local name for it. You can also view the land map and AP land registration details on the Bhunaksha AP website, https://bhunaksha.ap.gov.in/bhunakshalpm.

Online AP Land Registration Documents

To register a property in Andhra Pradesh, follow the steps outlined below.

Go to https://bhunaksha.ap.gov.in/bhunakshalpm/.
On the website’s main page, click ‘Prepare Your Document.’
To input the details, provide the seller with your Aadhaar number.
Click the save and continue button.
Enter the buyer’s Aadhaar number to get more information.
Press the ‘continue’ button.
Enter the consideration value, local body type, registration district, and local sub-registrar’s office.
Select the ‘Add schedule of the property to be registered’ option.
Enter the necessary information and click the ‘add payment details’ button.
Enter the necessary sub-registrar’s office information for online property registration.

Online Access to AP Land Registration Records

As a property buyer, you must verify the validity of the seller’s paperwork by searching Andhra Pradesh’s online land records. It will include prior registration information and information about the property you want to buy. Here’s how:

Step 1: Go to the website of the Andhra Pradesh Registration Department.

Step 2: You will head to the Registration Data website to look up the registration AP details for layout plans and units.

Step 3: Enter the district, Mandal, Village, survey number, and plot number to obtain the land registration in AP.

Step 4: Click the “Submit” button. The results will appear on the screen.

Now, go to https://onlineap.meeseva.gov.in/CitizenPortal/UserInterface/Citizen/Home.aspx to access the MeeSeva online portal. Obtain a certified copy of the registration AP document.

You will get a copy of the registration AP you’ve filled out at the SRO. This certificate is a supporting document that can help people resolve legal problems relating to property and land.

Adangal- AP Pahani Land Records

Adangal, also known as Pahani, is a vital revenue record that contains landowner information such as contact information, area evaluation, water rate, soil composition quality, nature of land possession, liabilities, tenancy, and crops cultivated.

Andhra Pradesh landowners can find information about their properties by visiting the official Mee Bhoomi website. Landowners can also track the progress of their Village 1B and Village Adangal projects on the Mee Bhoomi at any time.

Before reporting to the Mandal Revenue Officer (MRO) or Mee Seva Kendra, landowners can check the status of their records and make any necessary changes.

Check and Download the AP Pahani Records of Land

Step 1: Navigate to the official website, and then follow the instructions to the official website page.
Step 2: In the main menu bar, select the Adangal option. The landowner can choose “Your Adangal” or “Village Adangal.” By selecting one of the options, you can download the record.
Step 3: Next, enter the Survey number, Account number, or Aadhar number into the app.
Step 4: From the drop-down menus, select the District, Mandal, and Village names, and then enter the land details with the document number.
Step 5: Finally, at the bottom of the application, enter the Captcha code and click submit. After these steps, a pop-up message displays MeeBhoomi AP Adangal’s information.

Rent Studio Apartment in Bangalore

Posted on August 22, 2023 by supriya

Individuals in the corporate sector have recently chosen glorious career paths in multinational sectors, which drive them to move across the country after specific periods. As a result, they must become accustomed to living in rental homes in various megacities that offer hassle-free amenities.

Buying a house in a city is impossible because corporate workers prefer to pursue their career dreams. As a result, rental apartments are ideal for experiencing a home-like ambiance in intelligent cities.

Successful working people today are accustomed to the nuclear family-based lifestyle, as they prefer to pursue career opportunities in any part of the world. People’s personal lives are constantly adjusted as their professional goals change. As a result, for a nuclear family, renting a studio apartment in Bangalore is an excellent option.

Why is a rental studio apartment the ideal place to live?

The single-room urban apartment-style allows you to access the kitchen, living space, and bedroom all from one location. You will have complete privacy and functionality in the restroom of your Studio Apartment in Bangalore, with a sustainable divider or door. Working migrants always prefer low-cost rental accommodations to keep their monthly expenses consistent with their lifestyles. And studio apartments are always affordable, with all necessary amenities in a single comfort zone.

The Benefits of Renting a Studio Apartment in Bangalore

Easy Cleaning: One of the main benefits of studio apartments is their simplicity. A studio apartment can have excellent hygiene if modern cleaning equipment applies. Because studio apartments have smaller holes than traditional apartments with multiple bedrooms, you can keep the entire space tidy. So, if you want to enjoy less physical effort in keeping your all-in-one studio apartment neat and clean, you only need to hire a housemaid.

Furniture investment is lower: Studio apartments include a bedroom, living room, kitchen corner, and bathroom in a single compact space, so you only need to invest a little in furniture. While living in a studio apartment, a single sofa set or multifunctional furniture such as a sofa-cum-bed or center table with storage can meet the functional needs of your nuclear family. And, if you have to relocate to a different city, you can spend your money on something other than the dozens of heavy furniture.

No Chance to Accumulate Zunk: The desire to fill empty spaces is a strange psychological phenomenon. So, even though you have limited space for individual functionalities in a furnished studio apartment in Bangalore, you will maintain tidiness throughout the room to avoid overlapping things.

Ideal locations: The studio apartments in Bangalore are cost-effective structures that always attract bachelor working professionals who prefer little privacy, moderate luxuries, and hassle-free amenities within their limited budget. As a result, realtors always develop these unique and in-demand rental properties in the prime locations of any smart city, where massive footfall among corporate professionals necessitates the most recent space-efficient rental apartments. As a result, working migrants can simply rent a studio apartment in Bangalore.

The Easiest Way to Save Money: At the start of your professional career, you must save pennies for profitable future investments. As a result, if you rent a studio apartment in Bangalore, you will not have to spend a lot of money on furniture. You can easily manage the minimum maintenance hassles without the help of a maid, and the affordability factors allow you to save your earnings for the future purchase of a car or to cover the need for a down payment. In contrast, you plan to purchase your own home in the future. As a result, a studio apartment is ideal for saving money on monthly living expenses. So, for single-working professionals who want to secure their financial future, living in luxury studio apartments in Bangalore is always the best option.

Considerations Before Choosing Luxury Studio Apartments in Bangalore

Budget-friendly Rental Package

Residential unit rental prices can vary depending on location. And the availability of the most recent amenities can raise or lower the rent of a 1RK Studio apartment in Bangalore. Finding a suitable studio apartment in Bangalore will be simple if you set a maximum budget.

Excellent Infrastructure Accessibility

Select a posh locality where you can enjoy supermarkets, medical stores, retail stores, etc when choosing luxury studio apartments in Bangalore. Being a student or working professional, you should check the connectivity options in the area so you can reach your institutes or workplaces on time.

A wide range of amenities

When looking for a suitable furnished studio apartment in Bangalore, you should consider all of the essential features of a studio apartment. It is best to consider modern equipment for a small kitchen with functional furniture and appliances. Furthermore, you should carefully examine whether your studio apartment is open enough to allow natural air and light into the living space.

Studio Apartment Rental Expenses: How to Justify Them?

To justify the rental cost of studio apartments in India, the entire configuration, specific locations, transportation availability, brand of the rental property developer, proximity to commercial hubs, and infrastructures of social amenities are considered.

Conclusions

All of the discussed points explain the ideal ambiance of the studio Apartment in Bangalore. If you take all these factors, you will realize why single working professionals should choose a Studio apartment in Bangalore. Studio apartments are the most suitable accommodations for relocated bachelors to pacify their affordability range for living options compared to 1BHK or 2BHK flats.

TDS on Rent of Residential Property

Posted on August 22, 2023 by supriya

Renting out a property in India has several tax implications that the tenant and landlord should be aware of. TDS or Tax Deducted at Source, is one such provision. The government implemented it as a tax collection mechanism to streamline the process and prevent rental income tax evasion.

Understanding the nature of TDS on house rent in India from various perspectives is thus necessary if you are involved in rental properties. In this blog, we will look at TDS and its requirements from the standpoint of residential property.

What exactly is TDS?

TDS is the tax deducted from the source of income. For example, if A has to pay B a specified amount, A must deduct tax at the origin, i.e., TDS, and transfer it to the Central Government’s account. The amount deducted will then be credited to B by the provisions of the Income Tax Act.

Rent Taxes in India

Property in India pays taxes under various sections of the Income Tax (IT) Act 1961. As a result, whether you sell or lease your property, you will benefit from a tax break. Deductions occur at the source in taxes like the tax on property sales in India or income tax on house rent.

Section 194-I of the IT Act addresses the provisions for rental income. Tenants should deduct TDS and remit it to the central government account, which the lessor/landlord is entitled to receive as a credit if the TDS certificate or Form 26QC is in order.

However, the tax treatment depends on several factors, including the nature of the property, its use, rental income, and an individual’s tax status.

The nature of the properties has fallen into the following categories under the same provisions:

Residential Properties

House Properties used for rental purposes are, naturally, subject to income tax on house rent in India. You can deduct expenses like municipal taxes and mortgage interest to calculate taxable rental income.

Tax Deducted at Source on the Rent

Though TDS is an essential term in the IT Act, a few people understand how taxes accumulate at the source. The Indian government enacted this provision to ensure that rental income is accurately collected. Here are a few things that both residents and NRIs should be aware of.

Building Tax Online Kerala

Posted on August 22, 2023 by supriya

Many people mix up building tax and property tax. However, there is a significant distinction between the two. According to the Kerala Building Tax Act 1975, the building tax is a one-time tax that applies to all buildings built on or after April 1, 1973. A luxury Tax of Rs 4000 is added annually on buildings built on or after April 1, 1987, with a plinth area of 278.7 square meters or more. This luxury tax is in addition to the once-only construction tax. In this blog, I will explain how to pay Kerala building tax online.

In Kerala, you can pay your Building Tax online through the Sanchaya online services. You can use this service to pay the building tax, rent, professional tax, and license fee without visiting an office. All you need is an internet-connected computer, laptop, or smartphone.

The following are the steps you must take to pay your Building Tax using Sanchaya online services:

Visit the website at https://tax.lsgkerala.gov.in/epayment/.
Select ‘Login for online payment. If you already have an account, enter your Username and password. If not, register as a first-time user with Sanchaya.
Choose ‘New User Registration,’ and the form will appear. Fill out the required fields and the captcha code before submitting the form.
You will receive an email with a confirmation code at your email address. Click the ‘Confirm Registration Link’ button.
A new form will display to accept your Registration code. Enter your Registration cod and Captcha code, and submit. Your registration with Sanchaya is complete.
Now, use the log-in page to log in.
You can pay your taxes online by viewing all the properties listed under your name. It will show you the outstanding debt that you must pay. To proceed with online payment, please check and confirm.
Complete the payment and take a printout of the receipt from the Reports section.

It’s the complete procedure for paying building tax online.

Kerala Land Tax Online Quick Pay

Posted on August 22, 2023 by supriya

Those who own plots or houses in Kerala must pay a land or property tax to the local authority or village office. In an assessment year, the land tax gets paid once or twice. The Kerala Revenue Department provides a web application, the Revenue Land Information System (ReLIS), to manage land records and enable registration and online payment of land tax.

During the March 2022 budget, the government announced plans to revise the vital land tax rates across all slabs and introduce a new slab for land larger than 40.47 acres in panchayats, municipalities, and corporations.

How do I pay Kerala land tax online?

Step 1: Navigate to https://revenue.kerala.gov.in/. By clicking on ‘Register,’ first-time users can register to use the e-services.

Step 2: Click ‘Login’ to access the portal with your registered mobile number and password.

Step 3: After logging into e-Services, choose “New Request.” Choose the ‘Land Tax Payment’ option. Then, by clicking on ‘Confirm,’ accept the message for the taxpayer that appears on the screen.

Step 4: On the payment request page, enter information like district, taluk, village, block number, Thandaper number, survey number, and so on. Click ‘View and Add’ to double-check the information.

Step 5: Submit information such as the applicant’s name, last tax payment date, receipt number, etc. To pay Kerala land tax online, click ‘Pay Tax.’

Step 6: The payment details will appear on the following page. Select ‘Pay Now’.

Step 7: The payment screen will appear. Select your preferred payment method (for example, net banking, card payment, or UPI payment). Click the ‘Payment’ button.

Following the successful payment of Kerala land tax online, the user will receive a receipt, which can be downloaded and saved for future reference.

Documents Required for Kerala Land Tax

The property tax bill is a necessary document when paying property taxes. The municipal authority sends the property tax bill to the property address. When paying property tax online, one must enter the details listed on the bill, such as name and property ID.

Kerala Land Tax Rebates

Property owners may be eligible for the civic authority’s rebates. These factors include the owner’s age, the property’s occupancy, the nature of the area, the property’s usage, income, the asset’s age, and so on. Furthermore, a 15% property tax rebate is available if the entire tax was paid in one lump sum at the beginning of the year.

Property tax payments made on or after the due deadline are subject to a 20% late fee.

National Highway Land Acquisition Notification 2022

Posted on August 22, 2023 by supriya

This appeal is filed on behalf of the unsuccessful original petitioners to review the order issued by a Division Bench of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad on February 28, 2020, in WritC No. 7310 of 2020, by which the High Court rejected the appellants’ writ application, holding that the District Magistrate is competent to investigate the legality and validity of the order issued by the Special Land Acquisition Officer.

ACTUAL MATRIX

In using its authority under Section 3A(1) of Act 1956, the Central Government sent a notification on January 23, 2015, proposing to acquire a few parcels of land in the District of Mau to widen National Highway No. 29 to four lanes. The land with Gat Nos. 158, 160, and 161 of the village Ahirani Bujurg, District Mau (UP), was included in the notification.
In the previous setting, a further notification was issued under Section 3D of Act 1956, declaring that specific property was for public use. Upon issuance of such a notification, the land becomes the property of the Central Government.
The competent authority, the Special Land Acquisition Officer, determined the compensation to be paid to the landowners (parties before us) for the acquired land in an award dated November 28, 2016, passed under Section 3G of the Act 1956. The relevant portion of the competent authority’s award is as follows:

Using the stamp rate of Rs. 4,50,00,000.00 as a basis, compensation for the land measuring 3.269 hectares in the village Ahirani Buzurg that was bought comes out to Rs. 14,71,05,000.00, double the amount of which happens to be Rs. 29,42,10,000.00, and compensation for the structure and tree comes out to Rs. 8,01,582.00, totaling Rs. 15,29,06,582.00.

The value of 100% Solatium on this sum is Rs. 30,00,11,582.00. Additional compensation of Rs. 3,16,66,953.00 is payable at a rate of 12% from the day of the last publication of Section 3A on March 6, 2015.

As a result, the total compensation amount is Rs. 63,16,90,117.00, for which I declare the award. By recovering land acquisition expenses of Rs. 6,31,69,021.00 from the Acquiring Authority at a rate of 10% of the total amount of compensation and 100 times the registered values of less land revenue, the amount will be put in the prescribed Account head.

As a result, a notice will arrive at the relevant Tehsil for entry proceedings. While sending one copy of the Award Order to the Indian National Highway Authority in Gorakhpur, it is necessary to write requesting that the entire amount covered by the Award in question be made available.”

The competent authority is required to determine the shares of the landowners in the compensation by the legislative scheme, Section 3H(3) of the Act 1956. In these cases, the competent authority requested a report from the revenue authorities. The revenue authorities reported the appellants’ and respondents’ shares in their report dated 11.04.2019. This report favored appellants. The relevant portion of the provided reads thus:

Khasra No. 1353 mentions Gata No. 213, which has the present number of 232/51 minutes, Gata No. 213 B has the offer number 232/183, and Gata No. 213 is the current code of 232/519. Similarly, Gata No. 233 currently has 214/644 acres and is described as “Bagh Digar”. Furthermore, the present number of Gata No. 208 is 227/1.440 acres, in which “Bagh Digar” is mentioned.

The names of Mahadev Shahi, son of Sitaram Shahi and Bholanath, son of Ganga and Saryu, son of Brijrnohan, Caste Kandu, are found in Khata No. 46 of Copy of Khatauni for the crop year 1348, Ahirani Buzurg, in which Gata No. 232 acres appear, and the name of Mahadev, son of Sitaram Shahi and Bholanath, son of Ganga and Saryu, son of Brijmohan, Caste Kanu, appears in respect of Gata No. 128 for the crop year 1348. Khata No. 92 mentions Gata No. 232/ 0.284 acres and the names of Mahadev, son of Sitaram Shahi, and Bholanath, son of Brij Mohan, Caste Kandu. It refers to Gatas 232/0.539 and 233/0.644, two Gatas totaling 1.163 acres, which is correct. 1348 is the crop year, also known as Jamman 12.

The allocation was based on 12 equal shares in Gata No. 227/1.440 and an equal share of Salum in Gata Nos. 232 min./0.551, 232/0.183, 232/0.539, and 233/1.624. Because the road connects Hashiya Doharighat and Gazipur, the applicant owns a third of Gata Nos. 232 and 233.

Challenges of Nation-Building Notes

Posted on August 22, 2023 by supriya

New Nation’s Challenges

Following India’s independence in August 1947, three challenges arose in nation-building.

The first and most pressing challenge was to create a cohesive country to accommodate society’s diversity and eradicate poverty and unemployment.
The second obstacle was establishing democracy.
Third, ensuring the development and well-being of the entire society was a challenge.

Displacement and Rehabilitation

India and Pakistan became nations on the 14th and 15th of August, 1947.

Thousands of people on both sides lost their homes, lives, and property due to enmity.

West and East Pakistan sprang up along the Muslim-majority belt, separated by a large swath of Indian territory.
“Frontier Gandhi,” Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, was the undisputed ruler of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP). Despite his protests, Pakistan merged with the NWFP.
During partition, Punjab and Bengal were part of the trauma.

Partition Effects

One of the most abrupt, unplanned, and tragic population transfers occurred in 1947.
Minorities on both sides of the border fled their homes and sought temporary refuge in “refugee camps.”
Women were frequently abducted, raped, attacked, and killed. They had to change their religions.
The political and administrative machinery of both sides failed.
There was a significant loss of life and property. The culmination of communal violence had arrived.

Princely State Integration

During British rule in India, there were two types of provinces: British Indian Provinces (Governed directly by the British Government) and Princely States (governed by Indian princes).
There were nearly 565 princely states immediately following independence. Many of them joined the Indian Union.
Initially, Travancore, Hyderabad, Kashmir, and Manipur refused to join the Indian Union.

The Government’s Strategy

The interim government at the time took firm measures to prevent India from being divided into small principalities of varying sizes.
Three considerations guided the government’s approach.
The people of the majority of the princely states desired to join the Indian Union.
The government was willing to be flexible in granting autonomy to regions.
The nation’s territorial boundaries had become critical.

Adherence Instrument

The rulers of the majority of the states signed a document known as the “Instrument of Accession.” The accession of Junagarh, Hyderabad, Kashmir, and Manipur proved more than any others.
Following initial opposition, Hyderabad was merged with the Indian Union through a military operation in September 1948.
In September 1949, the Government of India succeeded in pressuring the Maharaja of Manipur into signing a Merger Agreement. The government did so without consulting Manipur’s popularly elected Legislative Assembly.

Reorganization of the State

During the national movement, the Indian National Congress recognized the need for linguistic reorganization of states.
This idea was put on hold after independence because the memory of partition was still fresh and the fate of the Princely states had not been decided.
Andhra Pradesh became a linguistic nation in December 1952 following a lengthy battle.
The establishment of this state provided the impetus for the linguistic reorganization of states. As a result, in 1953, the Indian government formed the States Reorganization Commission.
This commission agreed that the state’s borders reflect the limits of various languages.
Based on its recommendations, the State Reorganization Act took effect in 1956. As a result, 14 states and six union territories came into existence.

Mouza Wise Land Information

Posted on August 21, 2023 by supriya

West Bengal residents now have another reason to smile. It’s because they can access all the information about their land or property from any location. To complete this successfully, you must use your Smartphone or Personal Computer to access the official site.

Mouza Map-Request

Fortunately, you can check the Mouza Map Request on the official website by following the simple steps outlined below:

Open the search bar of your installed browser, such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, or Mozilla Firebox, to access the website.
Click on the website’s home page. Click the “Sign in” link next to the “Sign Up” button.
On your device’s screen, a login drop-down box will appear. To view your Mouza Map, first, select the “Citizen Services” option.
Enter your Username and Password into the appropriate fields.
You must enter the captcha. If you do not see anything, click the “Refresh” button to get a new captcha. After entering your login information, click “Submit.”
After logging in, go to the ‘Citizens Services’ tab. This Tb is easily identifiable from your account’s homepage.
On your screen, a drop-down box will appear. For example, this drop-down box contains options such as Mutation Status, Online Application, Service Delivery, and Land Classification.
After selecting the ‘Service Delivery’ tab, options such as Plot Map Request, Mouza Map-Request, and Request GRN search are available.
Select ‘Maouza Map Request’
It will redirect you to the Banglarbhumi Website’s Mouza Map Request Detail page. Here, you simply select your “District” from the given list.
Choose LR or RS as the map type.
You must also select the correct “Block” and “Mouza” from the options available.
Choose your ‘Sheet Number’
Finally, click the ‘View Mouza Map’ button under your details. You can now view your Mouza Map, which will appear on your screen.

The Banglarbhumi website has brought good news to the state’s residents. Services like Mouza Mao Request offices, Fortunately, this is no longer necessary because you can use the Banglarbhumi website.

How can I obtain a Mouza Map?

Checking the Mouza Map is simple because you must log in to your account before choosing the ‘Citizen Services’ option from the home page. You will see a drop-down box where you should select ‘Service Delivery.’ Select ‘Mouza Map Request’ from the list of options and follow the prompts to get to the map quickly.

From the Top of a 7m High Building

Posted on August 9, 2023 by supriya

From the Top of a 7m High Building

Let’s analyze a few patterns before looking into the main topic for today’s blog.

Finding heights is a pattern.

Given an elevation angle and a point of observation, the tangent ratio helps to determine the tower’s height from the ground. The tower’s height is adjustable via queries.

Pattern: Tower height when flagstaff is atop.

When given the height of the flagstaff, find the tower’s peak. Remember that the distance between the point of observation and the foot of the rise remains constant. It’s possible to ask to calculate the height or the distance from the base.

Wind-blown tree pattern

To determine the height of a tree when it breaks by the wind and the broken part of the tree becomes the hypotenuse of a newly formed right-handed triangle where one of the angles appears. It’s possible to ask to calculate the tree’s height or the distance from the high of the broken tree.

Pattern: Elevation Angle

The tangent ratios help evaluate the angle of elevation when the height of the tower and the point of observation are available.

Pattern: Shadow Length

The length of the tower/pole’s shadow determines when it is appropriate to give an elevation angle. Remember that as the angles of elevation decrease, the size of the shadow increases. You can inquire about the length of the shadow or the object’s height.

Cloud height pattern

The trigonometric ratios use the angle of depression to calculate the height of the cloud above the lake when the angle of depression exists. The question will be whether the cloud’s depression angle or high above the lake’s surface.

Pattern

A tower’s height with two points of observation When two angles of elevation are available, we use the concept that the tower’s height remains constant to calculate the high of the building.

It’s possible to determine the building’s height by asking questions from various angles.

Now coming back to the topic, let’s take an example, from the top of a 7 meters high building, the angle of elevation will be 60°, and the angles of depression will be 45°.

In the above figure, the Height of the tower is 7m.

The angle of elevation is 60°

The angle of depression is 45°

From the given figure,

(Tan 45°) = AB/BC

1= AB/BC

AB=BC= 7m.

(tan 60°) = ED/AD

√3 = ED/7 (AD =BC)

ED = 7√3 m

Height of the tower = ED +CD

7√3 + 7 (AB=CD)

So, the height of the tower will be 19.12 m.

Building Construction Department, Bihar

Posted on August 9, 2023 by supriya

The Building Construction Department of the Government of Bihar lies in Patna Sectt., Patna. This State government office has an excellent rating of 4.1 stars based on 34 online reviews. Patna Sect. is at least 14 State government offices, with this State government office ranking fifth overall. The Building Construction Department of the Government of Bihar maintains a website at https://state.bihar.gov.in/bcd/CitizenHome.html. Visheshwariya Bahwan, Bailey Road, Patna, Bihar 800015, the nation is the address of the State government office.

Building Construction Department of the Government of Bihar – Patna – Bihar – Complete Information

Name: Bihar Government’s Building Construction Department

Address: Bailey Road, Visheshwariya Bhawan, Patna, Bihar – 800015, India

Website: https://state.bihar.gov.in/bcd/CitizenHome.html

Contact: 916122545656

Location: Patna Sect.

Health Department, Udhyog Vibhag Department of Industries, Cooperative Department Bihar, Rural Works Department, Urban Development Department, Public Health Engineering Department, Department of Agriculture, Sudha Dairy Store, Punaichak Post Office, Art Youth, and Culture Department, Bihar State Water & Sanitation Mission, Vikas Bhawan New Secretariat, and others sit near Building Construction Department, Government of Bihar.

Bihar State Government Offices Near Building Construction Department

Within a one-kilometer radius of the Building Construction Department of the Government of Bihar, there are 12 State government offices. When the radius grows to 5 or 10 kilometers, you will find 14 and 14 State government offices, respectively. You might also want to look at

Udhyog Vibhag department of industries – 2nd Floor, Vikas Bhawan, Bailey Road, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Patna, Bihar 800015
Panchayati Raj department – Bailey Road, Veerchand Patel Road Area, Patna, Bihar 800015
Cooperative department – Bihar – Veerchand Patel Road Area, Patna, Bihar
Bihar Vidhan Mandal – Harding Road, Saptmurthy, Patna, Bihar 800015
Old secretariat- Harding Road, Beer Chand Patel Path, Patna, Bihar 800015
Vikas Bhawan New Secretariat – Jawaharlal New Marg, Punaichak, Veerchand Patel Road Area, Patna, Bihar 800015, India.

The popularity of the Building Construction Department of the Government of Bihar

When it comes to good State government offices, Patna Sect. people have several options. In this area, there are 14 State government offices.

The Building Construction Dept., Govt. of Bihar, is a well-known State government office in Patna Sect., Patna. Building Construction Department, Government of Bihar ranks fifth in popularity, trailing only a few others like as:

The Bihar Vidhan Mandal
Former Secretariat
New Secretariat at Vikas Bhawan

Service Apartments in Indiranagar, Bangalore

Posted on August 9, 2023 by supriya

Are you looking for the ideal Service apartments in Indiranagar, Bangalore? Serviced apartments could be an excellent choice for you. Serviced apartments provide a comfortable, convenient, and affordable stay in this vibrant part of Bangalore that offers several benefits over traditional hotel accommodations. Let’s look at what distinguishes service apartments and why they are the preferred option for many travelers.

Stay in style

Service apartments are typically larger than standard hotel rooms, giving you plenty of space to spread out and relax. A cozy and spacious place to unwind after a long day of exploring the city makes all the difference.

Kitchen for Low- Cost

One of the most significant advantages of service apartments is having a fully equipped kitchen. It means you can prepare your meals at home, saving money on dining out while having the freedom to cook your favorite dishes.

Convenient Services to Improve Your Experience

Service apartments frequently provide additional amenities such as housekeeping and laundry services, allowing you to focus on your vacation rather than worrying about chores. These amenities make your stay more comfortable and convenient.

Affordable Indiranagar Accommodation:

Service apartments in this city are an excellent option for budget-conscious travelers. They offer well-equipped accommodations at an affordable price, making them a popular choice for short and long-term stays.

World-Class Amenities of Your Convenience:

Indiranagar service apartments cater to meet your every need. With first-rate amenities like housekeeping, laundry, and 24-hour security, you can be confident that your stay will be comfortable and secure.

Unmarried Couples Are Safe: Concerned about your safety and privacy? Indiranagar service apartments are for unmarried couples, with many establishments installing security guards and CCTV cameras to ensure your peace of mind.

Luxury Service Apartments for a Lavish Stay:

Indiranagar has a variety of upscale service apartments for a luxurious stay. These opulent accommodations feature fully furnished bedrooms, private bathrooms, well-equipped kitchens, and breathtaking city views.

Ideal for families:

Service apartments are an excellent choice for families visiting Indiranagar. The open design gives children plenty of room to play and explore. A kitchen allows families to cook meals together, making their stay more enjoyable and cost-effective.

Proximity to IT Hubs for Business Travelers:

If you are a corporate executive or a business traveler, service apartments in Indiranagar offer the perfect solution. Located near major IT hubs, these accommodations provide convenience and comfort, allowing professionals to focus on their work without wasting time in traffic.

Flexible Rental Terms:

Indiranagar service apartments have flexible rental terms, making them suitable for short-term stays. You can find an apartment that meets all your needs, whether you are on a business trip or planning a vacation.

Finally, service apartments in Indiranagar offer plenty of options making them a popular choice for travelers and business professionals. These apartments provide a memorable stay in the heart of Bangalore, from spacious and cost-effective living to convenient amenities and proximity to major attractions. So, if you plan a trip to Indiranagar, keep the comfort and convenience of staying in service apartments in mind!

Two Men on Either Side of a 75m High Building

Posted on August 9, 2023 by supriya

In today’s video, we will review some bare heights and distance information before moving on to the main topic.

Height refers to the vertical measurement of an object.

Distance is the horizontal between two points.

Elevation Angle

Consider a situation where a person is on the ground and looking at an object at some height, such as the top of a building. In this case, the line of sight is the line that connects the man’s eye to the top of the building. The elevation angle comes from the line of sight and the horizontal line.

The Depression Angle

In another case, a person appears standing at a certain height about an object. The line o sight refers to the path that connects the man’s eye to the bottom of the building. A line of sight and a horizontal line from the angle of depression.

Now let the height of the building is 75m and two men are standing on point A and point B.

Suppose distance AD = xm and DB =ym.

In the right angle Δ ADC, CD/AD = tan 30°

= 75/x = 1/ √3 = x = 75√3m

Now in right angle Δ CDB, CD/BD = tan 60°

75/y = √3 = √3y = 75 = y = 75/ √3 = 75/√3 ×√3/√3 = 75√3/3= 25√3

Total distance x+y = 75√3 + 25√3 = 100√3m.

West Bengal Land Record Search by Name

Posted on August 9, 2023 by supriya

The Indian state of West Bengal recently launched the Banglarbhumi Portal, which provides extensive land change data. The West Bengal Department of Land and Land Reforms launched this initiative to make land-related information accessible and transparent to citizens.

Residents can now access detailed information about their landholdings through the Banglarbhumi portal, including property details, land values, change status, and other relevant data. Clients can also apply for land-related services such as conversion, acquisition, and registration.

West Bengal citizens can now access extensive land-related information through BanglarBhumi to assist them in various property transactions.

This platform has proven to be an innovative and beneficial resource that promotes transparency and efficiency in West Bengal’s land governance.

Land Records Available on the Banglarbhumi Portal:

The BanglarBhumi portal is a comprehensive resource that provides access to land-related data and services. Among the information available are various land records, each with a specific purpose.

Khaitan and Plot Data is one such type, which includes information about landowners, plot numbers, areas, and other pertinent details. This information is critical for the effective management and administration of land transactions.
The portal also provides information and land valuation. This information serves to determine the market value of the land. This data is accessible for purposes including legal proceedings and negotiations between buyers and sellers.
The Mouza Map is a graphical representation of a land area that depicts the boundaries and locations of various plots within a specific Mouza. This data is for land surveying, urban planning, and land development.
Users can also use the portal to keep track of the changing status of their landholdings. It refers to updating land records with the most recent ownership information. Users can ensure that their land records are correct by checking this status.
Furthermore, the BanglarBhumi portal provides land transformation services, which include changing land use from one type to another. This process is critical for promoting sustainable land use practices and realizing the land’s bursting value.
Finally, the portal offers land acquisition services, allowing clients to apply for government land acquisition for public purposes. This service can help organizations that need land for projects like building schools, hospitals, and other vital public facilities.

As a result, the BanglarBhumi portal serves as a one-stop shop for obtaining various land records and services. Its functions provide the tools required for managing an ad.

How Do I Sign Up For BanglarBhumi?

Assume you want to access land records, Kahitan, and plot information and downloads through the BanglarBhumi portal. In that case, you must go through the required user registration process. Fortunately, signing up for this portal is simple, and you can do so by following these steps.

To begin, navigate to the BanglarBhumi portal’s homepage by entering http://www.banglarbhumi.gov.in/ into your web browser. After the page loads, locate and click the “Sign-up” option in the top menu bar.
Fill out the registration form completely and accurately. Otherwise, it might be difficult to register. After completing the registration form, you must submit an OTP, which will arrive at your mobile number and email address for verification.
To avoid delays in the verification process, enter the correct contact information in the registration form. The last step in the registration process is to enter the captcha code into the space provided on your screen.
You will receive a confirmation message on your email and mobile number once you have entered all your information and submitted the registration form. You can enjoy the portal’s benefits by completing this simple registration process.

How Do I Access The BanglarBhumi Portal?

Logging into the Banglarbhumi portal is a simple procedure. Here is a step-by-step process for getting started:

To begin, go to http://www.banglarbhumi.gov.in/. When the page loads, you will see a top menu bar with a “Sign-In” button next to a “Sign-Up” button. Click it.
A new login window will appear after clicking the “Sign-In” button. You must enter your login information in this window to access your account.
As a West Bengal resident, select “Citizen” and enter your BanglarBhumi username and password. You will also be required to enter a captcha code for verification.
After entering all the required information, click the “Login” button. It will take you to a new page on which you can access your services open on the Banglarbhumi portal.
To summarize, logging into your Banglarbhumi account is as easy as going to the portal, clicking the “Sign-In” button, entering your login information, and clicking “Login.” By following these steps, you utilize the Banglarbhumi portal’s wealth of resources.

How Do You Check Your Khaitan And Plot Information On Banglarbhumi Portal?

If you live in West Bengal and want to check your Kahitan and Plot Infromation online, you must register at http://www.banglarbhumi.gov.in/ After registering on the portal, simply follow these simple steps to retrieve your information.

To start, navigate to the Banglarbhumi official portal and log in with your login credentials. After logging in, click the “Know Your Property” button in the top right corner of the home page.

The next step is to locate the Mouza and Search records. Choose you district, block, and Mouza from the portal’s menu bar. After recognizing the Mouza, you will have to choose your Khaitan Type.

Following the selection of the Khaitan type, you must select one of the two available search options.

Search by Khaitan
Search by Plot.

Choose the best search option that applies and enter the information and numbers requested on the portal page.

Enter the correct captcha in the space provided and click the “view” button. The screen will display your Khaitan and Plot Information. Before logging out of your account, double-check all of the information provided.

How Do I Check the Status of a Grievance on the BanglarBhumi Portal?

Checking the status of a grievance on the BanglarBhumi Portal is a simple process that takes only a few steps.

To begin, log in to your account by visiting the Banglarbhumi portal’s home page. After successfully logging in, navigate to the “Public Grievanvce” tab, which will display a menu. Click on the “Grievance Application” link here.
Next, navigate to the Homepage and click on “Public Grievance.” From the drop-down menu, select “Grievance Status/ Description.” Enter the correct Unique Petition Number (UPN) to obtain accurate information.
A captcha code will appear on the screen after you select the Grievance Status/ Description menu. Enter the correct captcha code in the provided field and click the “Show” button. You will then be taken to a new page with a detailed report on your Grievance Status and Description.

By following these simple steps, you can quickly check the status of your Grievance Application and stay up to date on the latest developments. So, sign in to your account today and check the status of your grievance on the Banglarbhumi Portal.

Describe A House/Apartment That Someone You Know Lives In

Posted on August 9, 2023 by supriya

A thousand brick wall is just a house or apartment. A home is where family members gather after a long day at work, or even if you are a bachelor living away from your family, to accomplish something or for personal reasons. It is only when you and your friends get together for a get-together, a house party, or just to talk with each other that you feel comfortable.

Today I will write about a small RK apartment that feels like home where my friend lives. The apartment is in a high-rise building with a beautiful view.

The RK apartment I refer to is a fully furnished studio apartment in Greater Noida.

This studio apartment is 435 square meters, fully furnished with a blue-untarnished theme.

I have been there 2-3 times and always felt at ease.

The apartment has a convulsive door at the entrance, a kitchen on the left, a bathroom on the right, a few steps leading to the room, a Double bed, paintings on the walls, and a television on the right wall. A blue-designed almirah is just beside the decorative slap, a dressing table is on the opposite side of the almirah, and just after the bedroom, there is this sliding door and a balcony with a perfect view to spend the evening.

The view from the balcony is breathtaking, with hundreds of villas connected by beautiful paths. I have always wanted to take a night walk on those paths, and maybe one day I will.

The balcony is ideal for relaxing with a cup of coffee in the evening or watching the sunrise in the morning. I never did any of these, but someday I want to.

The theme is blue-untarnished, which is how I want my apartment to be.

When I think of the room’s amenities, I remember a small white refrigerator, a microwave oven, a television, drawers, an almirah, cute white lamps, scenery, and an induction stove. Security guards on duty 24 hours, guard chambers, lifts, etc.

Social marts, pharmacies, food yards, and management offices are all examples of businesses.

The flat is large enough to accommodate two people; simply put, it could be a good option for a migrant arriving from their home city, couples, or newlyweds.

Finally, with its modern design and isolated location, My friend’s apartment is an ideal home. The commute and travel are a hassle. He probably enjoys his surroundings.

Rajasthan High Court New Building Jodhpur

Posted on August 8, 2023 by supriya

On July 22, 2022. Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot approved an Rs. 14.37 crore proposal for a new Bar Council of Rajasthan building on the premises of the Rajasthan High Court.

The journey started on December 7, 2019, when President Ram Nath Kovind dedicated the country’s most modern and beautiful Rajasthan High Court building. The new High Court building on the Jaipur National Highway is purely artistic but also unique and well-equipped. The High Court’s main building covers an area of 22.61 bighas with 22 courtrooms, including the Chief Justice’s courtroom, where complete details of the pending cases are available on the digital software-based display board. The main roof of the High Court is 35 meters (120 feet) above the ground and has a diameter of 118 feet.

Highlights of Rajasthan’s High Court New Building (Jodhpur)

The Bar Council’s new building will include an auditorium with a capacity of 500, an electric room, a staff room, and other facilities on the ground floor, along with other facilities for the Secretary and office bearers.
The Chairman of the Council’s room, the Vice Chairman’s Hall, the Meeting Hall, the Library, the Driver’s Dormitory, the Multipurpose Hall, and the Office will be on the first and second floors.
Rajasthan State Road Development and Construction Corporation (RSRDC) will build the structure.
It is worth noting that the Chief Minister announced a financial provision of Rs 8.53 crore in this regard in the budget for the fiscal year 2022-23.

Special Provisions for Female Employees

Women employees get special consideration. The most notable feature of this structure is the presence of a separate children’s zone. If the female employees or lawyers who work here bring their young children along while on duty, the arrangement has gone on for them. The nanny will be present at all times to supervise the children. There will also be children’s toys.

One-of-a-kind Library

The library here will pique your interest. It employs a novel method of condensing book placement. Such an immense and modern library has never existed in Jodhpur. Aside from that, the walls of the court complex have been decorated in Marwar style, displaying the cultural tradition and artistic surroundings of Marwar. Fountains and visual lighting have also gone in the outdoor garden. The meeting hall and visitor seating also have couches. Based on its model, this new structure seems larger than India’s Parliament.

14 Elevators with Cutting-Edge Technology

This building originates from the famous Jodhpur sandstone (Chittar Stone) and features cutting-edge technology and furnishings. This structure has 14 lifts. This structure will not only establish an identity for its judicial work, but it will also serve as a tourist attraction due to its grandeur.

Amenities

It is Asia’s only building designated as a modern and grand court. This structure has 1659 pillars. The Rajasthan High Court campus has an air conditioning system and Wi-Fi. CCTV cameras have in place throughout the building. Mike makes arrangements for the judges and lawyers to communicate. There is a conference room that is fully equipped with modern technology.

The Angle Of Elevation Of The Top Of A Building From The Foot Of The Tower Is 30 Degree

Posted on August 8, 2023 by supriya

BC is the distance between the tower’s foot and the building.

Tan is the trigonometric ratio involving sides AB, CD, BC, and angles B and C.

In ΔABC,

tan 60° = AB/BC

√3 = 50/BC

BC = 50/√3….(i)

In ΔBCD,

Tan 30° = CD/BC

1/√3 = CD/BC

1/√3 = 50/√3 [From (i)]

CD = 1/√3 × 50√3

CD = 50/3

Height of the building CD = 50/3 m.

Let’s take an example.

You and your friends have decided to go camping. You reach the top of a ridge while hiking and look down at the trail behind you. Your camp is visible in the distance. You wonder how far you have traveled and if there is any way to find out.

You can measure the angle between your horizontal line of sight and the camp using a small device known as a clinometer, and you realize the hill you just hiked up is 300 meters high. Could you use this information to determine how far your camp is away? (Assume the trail you hiked curves like a triangle’s side.)

Elevation and Depression angles

If you know an angle of elevation or a depressive one, you can use right triangles to find distances.

The diagram below depicts each of these angles.

The elevation angle is the point formed by the horizontal and upward lines of sight. For example, if you are standing on the ground and looking up at the peak of a mountain, you can calculate the elevation angle. The degree of depression is defined as the angle formed by the horizontal line of sight and the downward line toward an object. degree of depression is defined as the angle formed by the horizontal line of sight and the downward line of sight toward an object. For example, if you were standing on top of a hill or a building and looking down at something, you could measure the angle of depression. You can measure these angles using a clinometer or a theodolite. Clinometers and theodolites are there to measure the height of trees and other tall buildings.

We will solve several problems involving these angles and distances in this section.

Let the tower’s height be AB or the building’s height be CD.

The angle of elevation of the top of Building D from the foot of the Tower is 30 degrees, and the tip of the height of the top of Building A from the foot of Building C is 60 degrees.

How Are Human Resources Different From Other Resources Like Land And Physical Capital?

Posted on August 8, 2023 by supriya

In the previous blog, we discussed the four Capitals. Today we will see the difference between human capital and other resources like land and physical capital. Before getting into it, let’s under the Human Capital theory.

Human capital theory

The human capital theory views humans as valuable assets that can be developed and invested in to generate economic returns as “resources.” This viewpoint emphasizes the importance of education, skills, and experience in increasing a person’s productivity and earning potential.

People are viewed as a resource because they provide labor, creativity, and innovation that can contribute to a country’s economic growth and development. In this sense, the phrase “people as a resource” emphasizes the importance of investing in human capital through education, training, and other forms of development to realize the full potential of individuals and society.

What sets human resources apart from resources like land and physical capital?

Human resources, land, and physical capital are all important economic resources, but they differ in several ways.

Human resources are people’s skills, knowledge, and abilities that enable them to create goods and services. Unlike land or physical capital, human resources are not limited in supply because they can be developed and improved through education, training, and experience.

Land is a physical resource that can produce goods and services, such as land and natural resources. In contrast to human resources, land is limited in supply and cannot expand.

Physical capital refers to the tangible assets used to produce goods and services, such as machines, buildings, and tools. Physical capital can be replaced or improved, but it depreciates over time and must substitute eventually.

Each plays a distinct role in products and services, and their relative importance varies depending on the industry or sector. While physical capital and land are important, human resources can greatly influence a country’s economic growth and competitiveness. As a result, many governments and businesses view human capital development as a critical strategy for economic growth and prosperity.

Bungalow for Rent in Alibaug

Posted on August 3, 2023 by supriya

The name conjures up images of pristine, windy beaches, lush greenery, and the preferred weekend home destination of the rich and famous. However, in recent years, this picturesque coastal town near Mumbai has become increasingly accessible as a second-home destination for those with extra cash.

Alibaug has evolved from a hugely popular weekend getaway for day-trippers from Mumbai to a retreat for HNIs from South Mumbai, industrialists, and film stars and, more recently, to a vacation home for even middle-high income buyers looking to invest in a leisure destination that is still relatively affordable.

One of Alibaug’s most appealing features is its proximity to Mumbai; most visitors prefer the 3-hour drive from Mumbai, though the 60-minute ferry ride from the Gateway of India is equally pleasant. Ancient forts, temples, forest areas, and numerous beaches add to the town’s appeal as a tourist destination, as does the famous local cuisine. Scuba diving, snorkeling, and sailing are available for those who enjoy sports and adventure.

However, it is not all beaches and tourists. Many district government offices have offices in Alibaug. The town has excellent climatic conditions all year, but it is most popular during the winter and is known for its abundant monsoons. Festivals such as Nag Panchami and Pola attract a great deal of attention.

Benefits of renting a bungalow in Alibaug

Alibaug bungalows are known for their spaciousness and comfort, providing plenty of space to relax and unwind. These bungalows frequently have multiple bedrooms, living areas, private gardens, and even swimming pools, allowing everyone in your group to spread out and relax. After a day of exploring the town’s attractions or relaxing on the nearby beaches, returning to a luxurious villa is a real treat.

Personalized Services: If you rent a bungalow in Alibaug, you may receive specific services tailored to your requirements. Many bungalow rentals include specialized employees such as housekeepers, cooks, and concierge services to ensure a pleasant and trouble-free stay. The staff will cater to your every need, from preparing exquisite meals using local ingredients to arranging transportation and organizing activities, ensuring your vacation is truly luxurious.

Immersion in Local Culture: By staying in Bungalow in Alibaug, you can immerse yourself in the local culture and way of life. Bungalows are frequently located in residential areas, allowing you to interact with the residents, explore the neighborhood, and experience Alibaug’s true flavor.

Renting a villa in Alibaug offers several advantages, including privacy, comfort, personalized services, and the opportunity to immerse yourself in local culture. With large rooms and amenities, these bungalows provide a home away from home where you can relax and create memories. So, when planning your next trip to Alibaug, consider the advantages of renting a bungalow and embark on an exciting adventure.

Jharbhoomi Land Record Jharkhand

Posted on August 3, 2023 by supriya

Jharbhoomi is the official online platform for land records in the Indian state of Jharkhand. This website is an initiative of the Jharkhand Department of Revenue and Land Reforms in collaboration with the National Informatics Center (NIC) to digitize land records in the state. The primary objective of this portal is to provide citizens with online access to Jharkhand Land Record (Khesra, Khata) information.

The Jharbhoomi Jharkhand portal provides the public with services, including land record viewing, mutation application, online registration of land deeds, and more. This blog is about Jharbhoomi login, Mutation Status, Jharbhoomi Naksha, and Application Status.

How Do I log in and Register for the Jharbhoomi Portal?

To access the Jharbhoomi Jharkhand portal, they must first register. The steps for signing up on the Jharbhoomi portal are as follows.

The citizen should go to the official Jharbhoomi website, which is https://jharbhoomi.jharkhand.gov.in/
Scroll down to the bottom of the homepage. You must select the “Apply Online” option on the left side of the page.
The login page will appear; click the “Registration” button here.
The User Registration form will appear. In this section, you must enter the required information such as “Personal Information” and “Address Details,” create a “Password,” “Confirm Password,” and enter the “Captcha Code.”
Once you have entered all the required information, click the “Register Now” button.
Then you will successfully register on the Jharbhoomi Jharkhand portal.
Return to the “Login Page” after registering and enter your “Email ID,” “Password,” and “Captcha Code,” then click the “Login” button.
You can log in and easily access all the services on the Jharbhoomi Jharkhand Portal.

How to Check Jharbhoomi Jharkhand Naksha Details

The steps below will help you learn more about Jharbhoomi Naksha.

Navigate to the official Jharbhoomi Jharkhand website.
Click the “View Your Account” link on the left side of the home page.
The “Jharkhand District Map” will appear on the screen. You must choose the district where the land appears on the map.
The Block of District Map will now appear on the screen. You must choose the block in which the land lies.
The page View Your Account will appear here. Select the required details from the drop-down list, such as “District,” “Type of Land,” and “Light Type.”
Then, from the provided table, choose the name of the Mauja and scroll down the page.
You can select one of the various search options here. Especially you can begin your search by selecting “View all Mauja accounts by Name,” “View all Mauja accounts by Khesra Number,” “View by Account Number,” or “Look by Account Holder’s Name.”
“View all Mauja accounts by Khesra Number,” “View by Account Number,” or “Look by Account Holder’s Name.”
After selecting an option, enter the account number and “Security Code” and click the “Find Account” button.
The Jharbhoomi Naksha information will then appear on the screen.

Jharbhoomi Jharkhand Mutation Status Information

Citizens who want to check the mutation status of Jharbhoomi must follow the steps outlined below.

Visit the official website of Jharbhoomi Jharkhand. For example, https://jharbhoomi.jharkhand.gov.in/
Scroll down to the bottom of the homepage and click “Application Status” on the left side of the screen.
The Jharkhand District Map will appear. On the Map, you must select your “District.”
The Block Map of the specific District will be displayed; here, select your “Block.”
The Mutation application status (Mutation Application Status) page will be displayed. Here, enter the mandatory details.
You must select your “District,” “Border or end of a garment, especially a women’s veil,” and “Year Session” from the drop-down menus.
You can now search using “Case No,’ “By Applicant Name,” or “Mauja Wise.” and enter the “Security Code.”
After entering all of the information, click the “Search” button.
The details of the mutation status will appear on the screen.

Jhabhoomi, Jharkhand

Citizens who want to check the mutation status of Jharbhoomi must follow the steps outlined below.

Visit the official website of Jharbhoomi Jharkhand. For example, https://jharbhoomi.jharkhand.gov.in/
Scroll to the button on the home page and, on the left side of the screen, click “Application Status.”
The Jharkhand District Map will be displayed. On the Map, you must select your “District.”
The Block Map of the specific District will be displayed; select “Block.”
The mutation Application Status page will appear. Here, enter the mandatory details.
From the drop-down menu, select your “District,” “Border or end of a garment, especially a women’s veil,” and “Year Session.”
You can now search using “Case No,” “By Applicant Name,” or “Mauja Wise.” and enter the “Security Code.”
After filling out all the fields, click the “Search” button.
The Mutation Status details will then appear on the screen.

How Do I Apply For A Mutation On The Jharbhoomi Portal?

The applicant should go to the official website of Jharbhoomi Jharkhand.
On the left side of the home page, click “Apply Online.”
The login page will appear; enter your login information.
After logging in, click the “Apply New Mutation” button.
Now, enter “Applicant Details,” choose “By Sale” as the mutation type, and then click the “Save as Draft and Next” button.
Following that, you must enter “Buyer Details,” “Seller Details,” and “Plot Details,” as well as upload the required documents.
When all that’s left is the details, the screen will display “Mutation Applied Details.” Verify the information once more before clicking the “Submit” button.
The Mutation applied receipt will appear on the screen after you submit the application form. Save it for future use.

Document Required for Online Land Mutation in Jharbhoomi, Jharkhand:

The following documents are required to apply for a new mutation on the Jharbhoomi Jharkhand portal.

There was a mutual request stamp.
The Aadhaar Card
Certificate of Registration (both old and new).
Sale Agreement.
Affidavit on required stamp paper.
Recent property tax receipts.
The Ration Card.

Telangana Land Records With Survey Numbers

Posted on August 3, 2023 by supriya

ILRMS Telangana provides agricultural land records for Telangana. Everyone has access to this portal and can benefit from it. Because the Telangana government is already at the forefront of digitalization in India, it is expanding digital services to all departments to all departments to better interact with residents.

All village maps in Telangana with survey numbers have been digitalized and linked to the Dharni/ ILRMS portal.

This blog will provide a step-by-step guide to obtaining the Telangana village map with survey numbers. The village map will show you the exact location of your land. Land with boundaries has survey numbers.

Telangana Village Map with Survey Numbers

Telangana is a newly formed Indian State. It has a population of over 4 billion people and 8,684 villages. As you are aware, Telangana Dharani is a one-stop shop for Telangana land and revenue records. Concerning this initiative, all survey numbers for the land are available on the Dharni portal.

Land records in Telangana with survey numbers

Telangana CCLA Village Maps with Survey Numbers

Telangana State Government initiated it under KCR.
CCLA Department
Year- 2020
Telangana’s districts
Main Agenda – Providing Digital Maps of Telangana Villages or Land (Accurate Tippons)
https://telanganaweb.com/village-map-with-survey-numbers-in-telangana/ or the Dharni Official website.

Telangana LRMS Village Map with Survey Number

Now is the time to check your land online using a survey number. The portal simply created the procedure. You must select only the District, Mandal, and Village you want to learn about.

Follow the steps below to locate your survey numbers on a map in Telangana.

Step 1: Go to the Dharni Portal (https://dharani.telangana.gov.in/homePage?lang=en )

Step 2: Select Agriculture.

Step 3: Register on the website.

Step 4: Next, select Cadastral Maps.

Step 5: The screen displays all the survey numbers for the selected villages.

Step 6: Enter the field to see a specific survey number on the village map.

Step 7: The boundaries of your survey number land will appear on the screen.

Telangana Dharni Online Maps Portal provides various types of base maps.

Three basic maps are available, with Bhuvan maps provided by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

ISRO’s Bhuvan Imagery
Open Street Map (beginner’s map)
Bhuvan_LULC (50K) 2011-12

Tippon is a term used to describe the Telangana Revenue Department.

Field Measurement Books (FMB), also known as Tippons in Telangana, are another important revenue record. Tippon is a sketch or plan that contains important information about land survey numbers. It helps to learn about Land Survey Map Online.

Tippons are survey number maps that are attached to form books.

Land And Land Reforms Department West Bengal

Posted on August 3, 2023 by supriya

West Bengal is the country’s leader in land reform. Looking back, the Regulation of 1793 established the Zamindary system with full proprietary rights in the land subject to the payment of land revenue. The Bengal Tenancy Act became law in 1885. This legislation aimed to consolidate various land-related statutes. The Board of Revenue emerged in 1786. This Board was the supreme authority over the state’s entire land revenue administration. Following independence on August 15, 1947, the West Bengal government promulgated the West Bengal Estate Acquisition Act 1953, which abolished all intermediary interests. A large amount of land was vested. The West Bengal Land Reforms Azt of 1995 followed, and families were the basis of ceilings. Contrary to all other states, the state has distributed 23% of the total land sent into the country and 53% of the beneficiaries. West Bengal has registered over 15 lakh Bargadars/ Sharecroppers, a first in the country, and has distributed homestead land to over 5.6 lakh beneficiaries. There are more than 30 lakh patta holders in the state.

The Department of Land and Land Reforms is in charge of land reform. As a result, it is of the utmost importance to enhance its capacity for implementing land reforms in the interests of landless, marginal, and small farmers. The land is near and dear to the villagers, who constitute 70% of West Bengal’s population. The state’s total land area is 86,87,540 hectares, with a net cultivated area of 54,63,678 hectares. Thai land, which accounts for approximately 63% of the total area, is owned by 4.30 crore landholders/raiyats.

From the previous viewpoint, the Department of Land and Land Reforms is one of the major State departments with an extensive citizen interface. The Department of Land and Land Reforms (abbreviated L & L.R. Department) is critical in the West Department because it offers services to citizens and businesses and interacts with other government agencies. The department is one of the most important revenue-generating government agencies.

The department has a broad interface with citizens, businesses, and other state government public sector departments, and it interacts with these stakeholders daily. The department manages a large amount of land record data, which is growing daily. For example, the department keeps land records for 42,159 Mouzas and approximately 4.30 crore Khaitans across the state. Managing such voluminous information, which has grown exponentially over the years, in manual systems can affect the department’s ability to provide effective and efficient services. To fix current issues in manual operations and further improve service delivery, the department is focusing on using Global Best Practices in land records management, utilizing technology, upgrading human capacities through the growth of internal skill sets, and so on.

Continuous efforts to modernize and change have aided the department’s goals. The department also intends to use a multi-channel service delivery model to provide stakeholders with convenient services.

Reforms and Management of Land

The land is critical to many poor people who rely on agriculture for a living. The land provides physical subsistence, a decent, dignified livelihood, and the family’s overall health. As a result, the issue of land rights and resource access is where land must serve as a productive unit that sustains interrelated livelihood resources.

Land reforms are a suite of policies designed to address the problems that agrarian societies face due to the skewed nature of land distribution. As a result, the government has a legal and moral obligation to ensure that this resource is used optimally and in a socially acceptable manner.

Land reform implementation and the evolution of equitable agrarian relations are goals inherited from the Indian freedom movement. It is deeply rooted in our national psyche. West Bengal is one of India’s few states where land reform has taken effect. The following are the main components of our West Bengal land reform program:

Implement ceiling laws and distribute vested land to landless cultivators, particularly those from SC and ST communities.
To safeguard the rights of small and marginal farmers, including sharecroppers.
To prevent tribal land from being alienated.
Maintain real-time land records.

Through due process of law, we got to vest 26.48 lac acres of land under the West Bengal Estate Acquisition Act of 1953 and 3.98 lac acres under the West Bengal Land Reforms Act of 1995. However, simply vesting surplus land at the ceiling does not serve the purpose. As a result of the West Bengal Land Reforms Act of 1955, vast amounts of vested land have been available to landless people. We have distributed 11 lac acres of agricultural land to 33 Pattadars.

“Nijo Girha Nijo Bhumi Prokalpa,” which was launched in 2011, is another feather in the cap of the West Bengal Land Reforms Programme, which promotes the overall development of landless and poor people. It is a novel scheme to secure ownership of a small plot of homestand land that is lifting many families out of poverty and into prosperity. So far, 2 lac landless people have been provided with homestead land under the scheme.

“Operation Barga” has become synonymous with land reform in West Bengal in some way. Our department undertook an innovative crash program to record the name of Bargadar in the record of rights. In the state, nearly 15.20 burglars have been recorded across 11.18 lac acres of land under this program. Following the recording, the baradari has significantly reduced its reliance on landowners and money lenders. They have become more articulate and have gained self-esteem. Furthermore, a guaranteed tenure and increased entitlement to a share of the produce encourage burglars to put in more labor and investment in agriculture, increasing overall agricultural productivity.

Effective land reform implementation necessitates the proper management of land records with the accuracy of rights records. Land, as a dynamic entity, constantly changes its ownership, boundaries, and classification; if these changes are not promptly recorded, the land reforms become obsolete. Such out-of-date records exacerbate rather than resolve conflict. The mutation is a quasi-judicial, time-consuming, and machinery-dependent process.

Again, the current government has made history by changing the age-old rule of mutation to create “Automated Mutation.” Most sale-transfers will be immediately reflected in the right records by linking the registration process with mutation and making some changes to the procedure of disposal of mutation. It is undeniably a giant step forward in the field of land reform.

Banglarbhumi LR-RS Plot Information

Posted on August 3, 2023 by supriya

The Directorate of Land Records and Suverys of the Government of West Bengal maintains and updates Mauza maps (Cadastral Maps) and Records of Rights for over 42,000 Mauza in the State. Because all blocks in the state have gone operational, Certified Copies of Records on pre-printed stationery are being serviced quickly from BL&LRO offices. A few actions are possible to check Banglarbhumi LR-RS Plot Information:

Banglarbhumi RS-LR Plot Details:

Visit the official website:

http://banglarbhumi.gov.in/eDSS/RslrInfoNavigation.action

Fill in your “Mouza Identification.”
Choose a District, Block, and Mouza.
And then, choose either Sabek Dag -> Hal Dag (LR Plot No.) or Hal Dag -> Sabek Dag (RS Plot No.).
Click the “Submit” button.
Check your Banglabhumi Mouza Identification Maps as well.

Banglarbhumi Block/Mouza Map:

Look at this link:

http://banglarbhumi.gov.in/eDSS/RslrInfoNavigation.action

Choose a District, Block, and Mouza.
Continue with it.
Procedures for Obtaining Certified Copies of Banglarbhumi Mauza Maps and Selling WB Mauza Maps:

The West Bengal Directorate of Land Records and Surveys sells no Mouza map.
Cadastral Survey (C.S.) and Revenue Survey (R.S.) Mauza Maps are sold at the concerned District Magistrate’s Office if stock is available.
Contact the relevant Block and Land Reforms Office to obtain the LR Map (which can be purchased if the Finally Published Mauza Map exists).
If the concerned District Magistrate’s Record Room does not have a C.S. or R.S. Mauza map in stock, a Certified Copy of the suit plot and some adjacent shows of land may be obtained from the Office of the District Land & Land Reforms Officer of the concerned district.
If the same record is available, certified copies of portions of the C.S. Mauza map and the C.S & R.S Mauza maps of areas falling in the Howarh and Garden Reach Municipalities, with the Holding Register of the said municipal areas, may be collected from the West Bengal Drawing Office Record Room at the Directorate of Land Records and Surveys, West Bengal.

Download the Banglarbhumi APK App for Android and ios:

Nowadays, everyone has a smartphone. Your smartphone can access the Bangalarbhumi map, plot information, and exact location searches. Some may wonder where they can download Bangalarbhumi Apk. Let me tell you it’s an easy process. First, find your using mobile is Android or ios.

For Android users, first, unlock your phone, then go to Google Play and search for “BanglarBhumi APK.” Additionally, the number of BanglarBhumi APPs on the screen is displayed. Select one, install it, and enjoy the service.

For IOS users, unlock your phone, go to the app store, and search “BanglarBhumi APK.” Several BanglarBhumi APPs appear on the screen. Choose one, install it, and then enjoy the service.

These are the steps to find “ BanglarBhumi Mobile App,” if you have any questions about using the Banglarbhumi APK app, please leave a comment in the box below. I will update how to use the App.

Banglarbhumi Certified Copies of West Bengal Land Records:

This facility of certified copies of pre-printed legal authority copies will get to the nearest BL&LRO office in your circle means West Bengal, and the certified copy maps (West Bengal Mauza maps) available with a sign and stamp assisted by the issued authority in West Bengal, those certified copies are available for legal use across the country.

“Banglarbhumi.gov.in Certified Copies of West Bengal Land Records” is the name of this copy.

Building Has Been Built The New Plan

Posted on August 3, 2023 by supriya

A wide range of modern methods of construction (MMC) techniques and products have been developed, completely altering the construction industry’s behavior from what it was previously.

This incredible transformation brings about more and more developments in this sector.

What are Modern Construction Methods?

Modern construction methods (MMC) are developed in the construction industry with proper planning and design to reduce construction time and cost while maintaining overall sustainability.

Many methods are used and built in the current scenario. The most well-known and widely used modern construction methods are listed and explained below.

Modern Construction Methods Types

Among the various MMCs used in the construction industry are:

Flat Panel Precast System
Volumetric 3D Modules
Flat Slab Building
Panels of Precast Cladding
Concrete Floors and Walls
Concrete Precast Foundation
Insulation for Concrete Formwork

Flat Panel Precast System

This construction method entails the process of fabricating floor and wall units off-site. Separate factory outlets and facilities are necessary for this. The panel units are manufactured according to the design specifications and requirements and brought to the site for installation. This method is best suited for construction project activities that continue.

Windows, doors, and finishes are available on the manufactured panels. This method includes factory-fitted building envelope panels with insulation and decorative cladding that can load-bearing elements.

3D Volumetric Construction

As the name implies, 3D volumetric construction entails the off-site production of 3D units consisting of modules. They are brought to the installation site and assembled module by module. Because each modular unit produced is a 3D unit, this construction is known as a 3D volumetric building or modular construction.

The modules can be transported in multiple ways or by various means. It can include transporting the basic structure or a completed unit with all internal and external finishes and services installed, with only the assembly remaining. The factory construction combines various items of the same product while maintaining quality throughout. As a result, this method works best for repetitive projects that require the goods to assemble quickly.

Flat Slab Building

Flat slabs are extremely versatile structural elements. Because of its versatility, it frequently appears in construction. The flat slab provides minimum depth and faster building. The system also includes adaptable column grids.

Flat slabs are a good choice where it is necessary to steal the partitions to the slab soffit due to acoustic and fire concerns. Flat slabs are faster and less expensive than other types of construction. When building on flat slabs, it’s possible to cover the soffit with a good surface finish. Flat slab construction also increases energy efficiency because it allows for utilizing building thermal mass when planning ventilation, heating, and cooling requirements.

Concrete Foundations Precast

Precast concrete is an option for quick foundation construction. This method is better suited for custom design. The elements required for the foundation’s construction are built separately in the factory (off-site), then transported to the site and assembled. The manufactured product must meet the quality standards specified by the designer.

Concrete piles serve as the primary support for the assembled foundation. Both systems connect during the assembly process. These foundation systems aid in increasing productivity, improving quality, and reducing the amount of soil excavated. It is best suited for extreme and adverse weather conditions. This construction system is the best choice when dealing with highly contaminated ground.

The technology of Twin Walls

The twin wall technology is a hybrid wall system that combines the erection speed and precast concrete qualities with the structural integrity of in-situ concrete. This particular wall system ensures the structure’s structural integrity and waterproof reliability. The twin wall system has two wall slabs. Lattice grinders cast in place separate the two slabs. The procedure involves:

The job has a wall unit.
The twin units are temporarily higher.
Later, reinforcing serves to join the wall units.
Concrete fills the space between the wall units.

This construction method is both faster and more cost-effective than traditional methods. The twin wall system has its main application in erecting precast floors.

Concrete Formwork Insulation

The insulating concrete formwork (ICF) system employs twin-walled panels that are either polystyrene panels or blocks. These swiftly come together to serve as the building’s formwork.

Concrete is the formwork that has emerged. This concrete is manufactured in a factory with quality assurance and is ready-mixed. The majority of the mix is ready-mix concrete.

Expanded polystyrene blocks provide a higher level of thermal insulation. The concrete core will provide strength and sound insulation.

Panels of Precast Cladding

The cladding system is the process of layering one material on top of another to form a skin or layer. This layering system is not only for aesthetic purposes, but it can also aid in controlling the infiltration of weather elements.

The cladding does not provide any kind of waterproofing. Instead, the cladding acts as a water barrier. It safely aids in the direction of water or wind, allowing runoff control. It helps to prevent infiltration into building structures.

Concrete Floors and Walls

Concrete walls are commonly used for seat walls, retaining walls, decorative exterior and interior finishes, and other structures. Concrete can also serve as a flooring material. Concrete floors can finish well using modern technology, creating smooth and appealing flooring. Concrete floors, perhaps more than any other material, offer an array of materials for applications such as acid-stained painted, radiant floors, overlays, and micro toppings.

Concrete flooring is also known as cement flooring. Concrete flooring is less expensive than other types of flooring and requires little maintenance. A dust mop is an option to clean properly sealed concrete flooring.

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